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Credit Acceptance Corporation (NASDAQ:CACC) Q1 2020 Earnings Conference Call May 27, 2020 5:00 PM ET
Company Participants
Douglas Busk – Senior Vice President and Treasurer
Brett Roberts – Chief Executive Officer
Kenneth Booth – Chief Financial Officer
Conference Call Participants
Moshe Orenbuch – Credit Suisse AG
John Rowan – Janney Montgomery Scott, LLC
Vincent Caintic – Stephens Inc.
Randall Heck – Goodnow Investment Group LLC
John Hecht – Jefferies LLC
Arjun Tuteja – Jarislowsky, Fraser Limited
Sanjay Sen – BloombergSen Inc.
Robert Wildhack – Autonomous Research LLP
Benjamin Weinger – 3-Sigma Value Investment Management, LLC
Giuliano Bologna – BTIG, LLC
Thomas Shen – GoldenTree Asset Management LP
David Scharf – JMP Securities LLC
Harold Levy – MCA Realty Inc.
Mark Hammond – Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Operator
Good day, everyone, and welcome to the Credit Acceptance Corporation First Quarter 2020 Earnings Call. Today’s call is being recorded. A webcast and transcript of today’s earnings call will be made available on Credit Acceptance’s website.
At this time, I would like to turn the call over to Credit Acceptance Senior Vice President and Treasurer, Doug Busk.
Douglas Busk
Thank you. Good afternoon, and welcome to the Credit Acceptance Corporation first quarter 2020 earnings call. As you read our news release posted on the Investor Relations section of our website at ir.creditacceptance.com and as you listen to this conference call, please recognize that both contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities law. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control and which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. These risks and uncertainties include those spelled out in the cautionary statement regarding forward-looking information included in the news release. Consider all forward-looking statements in light of those and other risks and uncertainties.
Additionally, I should mention that to comply with the SEC’s Regulation G, please refer to the financial results section of our news release, which provides tables showing how non-GAAP measures reconcile to GAAP measures.
At this time, Brett Roberts, our Chief Executive Officer; Ken Booth, our Chief Financial Officer, and I will take your questions.
Question-and-Answer Session
Operator
[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Moshe Orenbuch with Credit Suisse. Your line is now open.
Moshe Orenbuch
Great. Can you hear me okay?
Douglas Busk
We can.
Moshe Orenbuch
Okay. Thanks, Doug. I guess for starters, there’s a bunch of new disclosure here, and I’m looking on Page 23 of the 10-Q. And you’ve got your delinquency numbers, I guess, how should we be taking those into account as we think about your provisioning practices in subsequent quarters?
Kenneth Booth
I mean, I think the best thing to do in terms of understanding our provisioning is to look at our forecasted future cash flows and our forecasted collection rate. We think that information is the most useful relative to assessing credit quality and relative to understanding changes in future cash flows.
Moshe Orenbuch
Right. Although it’s not really helpful in forecasting that loan loss provision, right. It’s certainly not the only factor that’s involved in that.
Brett Roberts
I think if we have any shareholders that are still focused on the provision, they need to go back and do some homework. The adjusted results are really what we look at to run the business, and that’s what shareholders should be looking at when they’re trying to make an investment decision and there’s no provision in the adjusted results.
Moshe Orenbuch
Got it. Okay. And in terms of your forecasted cash flows, I mean, you talked about kind of reducing your expectations by about 2% in the neighborhood of $200 million. Can you talk about what you’ve assumed there? In other words, what’s going on with respect to your borrowers who are currently receiving stimulus? What you’ve assumed about what happens when that is no longer in place? Like, how should we think about that part of the process?
Brett Roberts
Right. So as we described in the release, there’s really two components to the net cash flow change in the quarter. There’s about $44 million, which is just the mechanical forecasting model responding to what happened so far in Q1. And then there’s a – the remainder, about $162 million is a subjective adjustment made on top of that to consider the ongoing impact of the COVID pandemic.
If you look at the release, we provided some numbers on front end collections and total collections to the year-over-year change, that’s probably really the best place to look in the release for what’s actually happened so far. There’s two tables there. One is just the way the calendar falls and the other one we adjust for the calendar to make it more comparable. If you look at the second table, what you would see as we saw pretty sharp falloff in front end collections in March, the last two weeks of March, came back a little bit in April, particularly in the last half of April and May so far has been pretty good.
Moshe Orenbuch
How do we adjust that for the size of the portfolio? I assume that we should think about that as a percentage of loans, right? Not as an absolute amount?
Brett Roberts
In terms of the forecast change?
Moshe Orenbuch
No. That’s just a rate of change in the dollars collected, right? Year-over-year, that’s not relative to your expectations. That’s just what was it in 2019 and what is it in 2020, right?
Brett Roberts
Yes. Just a simple way to look at it. A reasonable assumption would be if you didn’t see a change in the collections then probably no forecast adjustment would be necessary. Since we did see a change in collections in March and April, the March change in collections caused that first part of the forecast. They talked about the $44 million, and then because we’re in the early stages of a pandemic, we expect there will be an ongoing impact so we made a subjective adjustment on top of that.
Moshe Orenbuch
Right. I guess then I’ll ask the question I asked before about those main numbers. I mean, you basically collected 8.5% more on the front end and 4.9% in total, but that has helped, as you point out in the – correctly point out here that that’s helped by the current situation. Like, can you talk about – does your write-down of 2%, does that assume that doesn’t deteriorate at all? I guess is that – that’s what I’m asking?
Brett Roberts
No. The $44 million is based on what happened so far. The $162 million assumes that there will be some continuing impact in the future.
Moshe Orenbuch
And can you talk about how much? Like, how you came about that forecast?
Brett Roberts
I don’t really want to get into the components. I mean, I think you’re looking at a highly complex situation. I think we say in the release that given the number of variables, it’s hard to have a great degree of confidence in any number that you would put forth. We took our best shot at it. The $162 million is our best estimate. We do say it’s subjective. We’ll just have to see how this pandemic transpires, how the economy transpires, how vehicle values respond. There’s obviously a lot of variables to try to get your arms around.
Moshe Orenbuch
Got it. I guess, I was hoping to get some understanding of what they were. I mean, last question for me, and that is if you were – the customers who are now – the customers took your underwriting today, are they people with employment? Or are they people who are receiving stimulus checks in unemployment check, not single checks, but unemployment checks? So would you underwrite the borrower is being paid by the government essentially?
Brett Roberts
The vast majority of the borrowers are employed at the time the loan is made.
Moshe Orenbuch
Okay. Thanks.
Operator
Thank you. And the next question comes from John Rowan with Janney. Your line is now open.
John Rowan
Good afternoon, guys. So just want to understand with the reduction in repossessions, is that a function of forbearance? Or is that a function of social distancing and various state restrictions?
Brett Roberts
There’s a few states that have restrictions and we’re obviously following all those restrictions, but that was a decision that we made to stop repossessions early on in the crisis.
John Rowan
Okay. So the vast majority of that would be, actually, you guys giving out forbearance to the consumers?
Brett Roberts
Well we made a decision not to repossess.
John Rowan
Okay. Do you still have a six-month net income covenant – positive net income covenant? I believe it might have been on the revolver at some point?
Kenneth Booth
Yes. We still have that covenant.
John Rowan
Okay. So that would mean that next quarter you would need to post an earnings larger than or equal to the net loss this quarter not to break that covenant, correct?
Kenneth Booth
Yes. You need to make some adjustments to the first quarter loss for items that aren’t counted there. But yes, the idea is right. You’d have to have net income adjusted for certain items in Q2 that was greater than the net loss in Q1 adjusted for certain items.
John Rowans
Okay. Just looking at the 10-Q, I just want to make sure I’m counting it correctly. It seems like there are three new issues as far as legal disclosures. New York subpoena, it seems like you’ve gone back and forth with a new CID from the CFPB and then also something in Maryland. Am I reading that correct? Or are those older issues that you’re just updating?
Brett Roberts
Certainly, Maryland and the CFPB are newer issues. New York, I think existed prior to this quarter.
John Rowans
Okay. And then just lastly, we’ve heard from some lenders that when they set their loss expectations in their provision and allowance, they were using the March 31 economic forecasts. A lot of people have said, we’re using Moody’s forecast of 9% unemployment. I just want to see, I mean, are you guys had a hard cutoff at March 31? Or are you treating the post quarter end issue as a subsequent event and also including that in your loss estimate in your provision expense here for the quarter?
Kenneth Booth
We’re basically including everything we know up until we released and filed the Q.
John Rowans
Okay. All right. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from Vincent Caintic with Stephens. Your line is now open.
Vincent Caintic
Hey. Thanks. Good afternoon and thanks for taking my questions. So first one, and I think something that I’ve gotten a question from a lot of investors is just when I think about your funding and some of the covenants to the funding. I’m just wondering if you could talk about if there’s any issues there because there’s been some discussion about that maybe with forecasted collections coming down that could drive some triggers to your securitizations. Any thoughts there? Any concerns there?
Kenneth Booth
We have two sets of covenants in our securitization. One relates to early amortization events. So our securitizations revolve for 24 months after which they amortize. There are early amortization events that would cause that revolving period to cease and the amortization period to commence early. So that’s one set of considerations.
And then the other is termination events when basically the whole deal would be in default. The early amortization events are set at a higher level than the termination event. So in other words, more degradation would have to occur for a termination event to occur as well as to an early amortization of that.
The most relevant early amortization event currently is one which would cause the revolving period to cease if cumulative actual collections are less than 90% of cumulative forecasted collections, and that’s based on a cash flow stream delivered at closing, if it were less than 90% for three consecutive months.
At this point, we’ve accumulated a nice cumulative cushion on all of our securitizations. So we don’t anticipate any near-term difficulties avoiding an early amortization event that obviously could change in the future depending on the severity and duration of the pandemic crisis.
Vincent Caintic
Okay. That’s very helpful. And is that 10% comparable to the – so your forecasting collection rate was only down 2.3%, which I think is pretty impressive. Is that the best comp against the 10% that you mentioned on the early amortization event?
Kenneth Booth
I mean you got to consider both the amount and timing. It’s directionally goes the same way, but it’s not exact.
Vincent Caintic
Okay. That’s very helpful. Thank you. Next question on the competitive environment. So understanding that your volumes are down, unit volume seem to be down more than dollar volumes. I’m just wondering if you’re seeing in this environment, maybe, if some of the loans you’re placing in April and May are higher quality than you would have gotten in the past. Because if I remember correctly, back in 2011, your spreads were good and loan quality was good coming off of the last recession. So just trying to understand what maybe you’re seeing now that maybe the bottom of this has been reached?
Brett Roberts
I think in terms of volume, what you saw in the first quarter is we were flat through February. March was down 20% plus as the pandemic started to impact our dealerships. April was down about the same. Although the last part of April was a lot stronger than the first part. And then so far in May, we’re up 20% plus.
In terms of the quality, I think it’s too early to say what happened at the end of the financial crisis kind of 2008, 2009 was the loans performed better than you would have expected, had you just looked at what we knew at loan origination.
Couple of reasons for that, one would be kind of reverse adverse selection in a highly competitive environment. We know the loans don’t perform as well. That’s because there’s a lot of lenders competing for those loans and so we get adversely selected. As competition thins out, you see the opposite impact. I think that’s one reason why the 2008, 2009 vintages performed so well.
The second reason is that when competition thins out, it’s very hard for borrowers and our market to get a loan. And they know that. They value the loan. We give them more than they would in a more competitive period and so they’re more likely to pay for it. And they probably realize that getting another loan, if they don’t pay for this one would be difficult. So whether we’ll see those two things play out this time or not, it’s just too early to say.
Vincent Caintic
Okay. Very helpful. And then last question for me. So there were some concerns about the options being closed. Does that have much of an impact to your forecasted collections going forward? Thank you.
Brett Roberts
I’m sorry, what – I didn’t catch the question.
Vincent Caintic
Yes, the auction is being closed. Does that have a material impact on your collections, your overall collections?
Brett Roberts
Well, right now, we’re not repossessing cars. We had an inventory that was at the auction when the crisis started, but a lot of the auctions are actually open. They’re selling – they’re doing virtual sales. So we’re able to liquidate some of the inventory that we had at the start of the crisis. We aren’t adding to it now. So it really isn’t an issue, but you’ll see a timing difference.
You can see that in the tables that we put in the release because we’re not repossessing cars and we’re not seeing those auction proceeds at their usual level. Total collections have fallen more than front end collections, but we provided all those numbers. When we start repossessing vehicles again, you’ll see some of that flip around.
I mean the other issue you have there is that the values that you’re getting at auction, aren’t what they were before the crisis. So one of the big variables that will determine what the actual collections are? How long will it take for those values to rebound and to what extent will that occur.
Vincent Caintic
Okay. That’s very helpful. Thank you very much.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Randy Heck with Goodnow Investment. Your line is now open.
Randall Heck
Thank you. First, Brett and the team, first of all, I want to say the quarter was pretty damn good relative to what I would have expected or probably anyone would have expected in terms of both collections – most importantly collections, but also origination. So first question is the May – the new chart you have in there for the percent – so what does that refer – to mention the backend of May, the backend collections were up 7.3%. Does that mean that you’re now repossessing cars? Or is it something else?
Brett Roberts
I didn’t hear all that, Randy, but I think I heard enough of it to try to give you…
Randall Heck
I mean why are collections better in May than they were in January and February?
Brett Roberts
I think a couple of things. People got behind in March and April, and then I think you have to assume that the stimulus money that people received, possibly in addition to the enhanced unemployment benefits gave people enough cash flow to be able to make their payments.
Having said that, I think if you’d ask me in the third week of March, whether I think May collections would be growing faster than they were in January and February, I would have said, no. That could never happen. So I do think you’re right that so far what’s transpired is far from a worst case scenario.
Randall Heck
Okay. And then the volumes, I thought January, February, flattish against – well that reflected the old competitive environment that May being up 22%. Does that reflect any changes in your pricing whether it’s you loosen pricing? Or did you do the opposite?
Brett Roberts
Prefer not to get into pricing discussions, but as we said in the release, really, the two reasons why we believe that May volumes are better than the prior months: one, as you started to see dealers open back up again. That’s not going to lead obviously to a year-over-year increase because they were open last year. I do think the stimulus money that’s out there had an effect on our market and it’s certainly possible. We don’t know this at this point that the competitive environment has improved.
Randall Heck
Okay. The last thing I had was the estimated negative cash flow impact from the quarter. Normally when you have negative variance in pools, you estimate that number – the negative cash flow effect for the balance of the – your best estimate in that point in time for the life of the loan, the remaining life of the loan. And so that’s the $44 million, which you noted.
The $130 million, just so I understand that. That’s over and above what you would normally be suggesting is going to be the hit over the life of the loan for the entire portfolio for the balance of the life of the portfolio. Is that correct?
Brett Roberts
Yes. But I’d say it a little bit differently. So the $44.3 million that’s the model responding to what occurred in March. So we had obviously lower collections in March. Second half of March, in particular, people weren’t making their payments. So the model looks at that and says, okay, the customer have missed their payment. So I’m going to look at all the historical data that looks like that customer that missed their payment, and it’s going to reduce the estimated cash flows for the life of that loan.
So it’s just a model responding to what happened already in March, but the model doesn’t necessarily know about COVID-19. It doesn’t look out and say, well, not only did that customer miss that payment in March, but they’re going to have continued difficulty in the future because of the uncertain economic environment. So that’s where we have to go in and we have to make an adjustment on top of the model, because we know the model doesn’t consider the ongoing effect of the pandemic. So that’s what the $162 million is.
Randall Heck
Okay.
Brett Roberts
If you look back in 2008, we made a similar series of adjustments. I think one in the second quarter of 2008 and one in the fourth quarter of 2008, about the same magnitude. If you add the two numbers together in the low 2%, those adjustments we made in 2008 turned out to be appropriate.
If you look back on it, they were pretty accurate. Not to say the one we made this quarter will be accurate. I think it’s too early to tell. But we certainly – we don’t think it’s zero. On top of the $44 million, we don’t think the model incorporated everything bad, that’s going to happen in the future. But there’s just too many uncertainties to have a lot of confidence that the $162 million is the exact right number.
Randall Heck
Okay. So essentially in terms of the given number of plus $44 million, we’re talking $15 a share, more or less, it’s the cost of the crisis. It’s not an ongoing cost, but it’s the cost of the crisis. And going forward, other things being equal, if history is any [indiscernible] the competitive environment is going to be substantially better here on out for some period of time?
And then just last point I wanted to make was, once again you wrote a beautiful letter to shareholders, not as best as anybody that [indiscernible] and a lot of your questions that are being asked on the call will be answered. Thank you.
Brett Roberts
All right. Thanks, Randy.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from John Hecht with Jefferies. Your line is now open.
John Hecht
Thanks very much for answering my question guys. Good afternoon. So I just want to make sure I understand the difference now between the GAAP and then adjusted earnings. I mean, we’ve always been accustomed to the floating yield adjustment. But effectively, what you’re doing now, we want to – just to make sure I’ve got my kind of DUCs order, do I add back the entire provision? But that’s the extent you’re going to make adjustments in your cash flow collections that would affect yield on a going forward basis, in effect, take yields down a little bit going forward because of the loss of your expected cash flows? Or is that a – is that the right kind of formula to deploy to this?
Kenneth Booth
Yes.
Brett Roberts
I mean that’s the way that we look at it, right. As we run the business, we use the adjusted results. If we have a negative cash flow change that reduces the yield, I think we disclosed that on the second page of the release in the adjusted results section. That’s how we look at it. I think if you’re trying to use the GAAP results to understand the economics of the business, I think it’s very, very challenging to try to do that.
John Hecht
Okay. And that’s helpful. Thank you. And then did you guys disclose or do you have plans on when you’re going to get back in the market for repossessions? And second is how much of your overall cash flows are reliant upon repossession like activity?
Brett Roberts
Yes. We haven’t made any announcement in terms of how we plan to pursue repossessions in the future. In terms of percentage of our total cash flows somewhere around 6%, 7% is repossession proceeds.
John Hecht
Okay. And then I’m wondering, I mean it’s pretty impressive that you guys likely went from a largely intact call center focused ructions to, I imagine, a large degree of work at home collections. I mean, were collections with productivity impacts at all? Maybe if you could just give us some commentary about the adjustment to distant collections versus all in one center and how you guys adjusted so rapidly?
Brett Roberts
Yes. I would say, overall, extremely pleased with that transitions that the team was able to react very early. It went very smooth not just in the collections area, but really in every area of the business. We got a great culture. We got great people. They’re adjusting to a different work environment really in an extraordinary way. Couldn’t be happy with how all that went.
John Hecht
Okay. I appreciate that. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Arjun Tuteja with Jarislowsky, Fraser. Your line is now open.
Arjun Tuteja
Hey, Brett. First of all, congratulations on getting featured on Lawrence [indiscernible] your shareholder. He talks about all the CEOs, which write good shareholder letters and you made it there. So I think it’s well deserved. Congrats on that.
Brett Roberts
Thank you.
Arjun Tuteja
And so my question is about your latest shareholder letter which came out earlier this month. When I compare it to your 2007 letter which came out in March 2008, it seems you are a bit more cautious this time around. You talk about decreasing economic profit and you didn’t talk a lot about competitors pulling back, though the last recession pointed out two different things and I think you were optimistic in your 2008 letter. So can you help me in understanding the difference the way you are seeing it?
Brett Roberts
Yes. I don’t know. I’d have to go back and read the prior letter. I don’t know if I’m more or less optimistic, but we have – we’re in the early innings of what is a very significant challenge. So far I think you can be – there’s certainly room for optimism when you look through the results from the first quarter, but you have to remember it’s very, very early. This is something that is without precedent. We don’t know how it’s going to unfold. And I think if it came through in my letter that I’m cautious, that is an accurate reflection of how I feel.
Arjun Tuteja
Okay. But do you see – say unemployment going up one thing, unemployment went up in 2008 as well. Would this jump make you more cautious than last time just because the number is higher as it is right now?
Brett Roberts
Yes, I think so. I think with that crisis played out over a longer period of time, you had more time to react to what you were seeing. This crisis is much different. Not only is the magnitude much greater, but the time period has been greatly compressed.
So again, I don’t think there’s a historical period you can look at and say, yes, it’s going to play out exactly like that historical period. The financial crisis is as close as you get, but I don’t think it’s comparable enough to make me feel like caution isn’t warranted.
Arjun Tuteja
Okay. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Sanjay Sen with Bloomberg. Your line is now open.
Sanjay Sen
Guys, just a couple of questions here. Brett, I know you said you didn’t want to talk about pricing for you in specific. But if you could say anything at all about what you’re seeing in the marketplace regarding pricing that would be interesting? And then I had a bit of a housekeeping question for Doug there on the question on covenants and the revolver and net income.
And I just wanted to know, I think a couple of quarters ago you mentioned how lenders were using your adjusted net income numbers. And I think Doug alluded that there. So does – we see the positive adjusted net income this quarter? Is that really what they’re going to use and therefore, your well on-site if any covenant issues with revolvers?
Brett Roberts
Go ahead, Doug.
Douglas Busk
No, you go ahead.
Brett Roberts
I mean, I don’t really have any insight into how others are approaching their business from a pricing perspective. It’s just too early. There’s a lot going on. Customers have money because of the stimulus. He had a period where the dealerships were closed. So you might have some pent up demand. You have dealers that were gradually opening during the latter part of April and May. And then you have the competitive environment and breaking out all those factors at this point, I just don’t have enough information to be able to give you much color on that.
Sanjay Sen
Sure.
Douglas Busk
Relative to the adjusted numbers, the adjusted numbers are used to determine the value of the loan asset for our borrowing basis on our revolving credit facilities. They are not the basis for the covenant that John Rowan required about earlier, the dollar of minimum net income for two consecutive quarters. So that’s not the way that that covenant is calculated.
Sanjay Sen
Got you. All right. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Rob Wildhack with Autonomous Research. Your line is now open.
Robert Wildhack
Hey guys. A question on borrower health and unemployment specifically. When we’ve gone through previous downturns, you have borrowers who could find work, just maybe not the ideal level or lower levels, but this time you have a different situation not only is unemployment significantly higher, but you’re going to have people who are reluctant to return to work for safety reasons. You’re going to have industries totally changing the way they operate. How do you think about those things in this new environment and factor that in when you’re forecasting collections?
Brett Roberts
Yes. I think your description of what’s going to happen in the future is certainly one opinion. You say it with a lot more certainty than any opinion I would have on that. I don’t really know how the economy is going to unfold. I don’t even know how the health aspect of this crisis is going to unfold. So I think it’s very difficult to pick a specific scenario and say, what do you think of that scenario.
You’re in a period as much as everyone would like to see first quarter results where we say, here’s the number, this is the impact of the crisis. We got that all figured out. It’s just not possible at this point. It’s just one of those situations where we’re going to have to see how this unfolds over time. And as the impact evolves, our forecast will get more precise and we’ll be able to look back on it and say, this is the impact. But I think it’s just too early to say that at this point.
Robert Wildhack
Okay. Maybe to try and hit on the same thing in a different way. Is there any more color you can give us on how we can connect what you’re seeing today, quantitatively, qualitatively in the economy and in your borrowing base that can translate to the adjustments you’ve made to your collections?
Brett Roberts
Yes. I have to ask that a different way. I didn’t quite follow.
Robert Wildhack
Okay. We can call up offline. Thanks.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Benjamin Weinger with 3-Sigma Value. Your line is now open.
Benjamin Weinger
Hi. I’m looking at your Board of Directors on your website and it’s comprised of four members. I see Brett, the CEO, two guys affiliated with Prescott General Partners, which is your largest and longest standing investor for over 20 years. And Glenda has been with you since 2004. I guess my question is as a NASDAQ-listed company, what are the requirements for the independence of the Board of Directors and specifically for an audit committee?
Brett Roberts
You’d have to look that up on the NASDAQ website. I don’t know what that is off the top of my head. I’m sure that we comply.
Benjamin Weinger
You’re sure that you comply. How about – do you have anyone else on the line here who can confirm what the requirements are for independence’s?
Brett Roberts
No, that’s not. I mean, call your lawyer.
Benjamin Weinger
Is your lawyer on there? Nobody knows.
Brett Roberts
You asked me a legal opinion. I mean go look it up. I’m sure we comply.
Benjamin Weinger
Okay. Thanks. That’s all I have.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Giuliano Bologna with BTIG. Your line is now open.
Giuliano Bologna
Good afternoon, and thanks for taking my questions. I guess, starting off, one of the things that I think would be interesting to get some perspective on. What are the other tests in your bond indentures is your fixed charge coverage ratio, which has impacted more so on a cumulative basis looking back on a 12-month basis. But it really is measured with an EBITDA metric that’s really on a GAAP basis. So if you saw another revision similar to the 2008 scenario, you would probably trigger that, which would dramatically restrict your ability to take on any debt. Is there any kind of way to think about that covenant and how you could navigate around it?
Brett Roberts
Are you referring to our senior notes?
Giuliano Bologna
That’s correct, yes.
Brett Roberts
Yes. I mean the covenants in the senior notes are based on the accounting that was in effect at the time of issuance for the first one – well for both of them. So the operative GAAP there is the GAAP that we are operating under last year.
Giuliano Bologna
That makes sense. And I guess only other thing you mentioned you had a little bit of perspective on, when we look at the securitization transactions, one of the levers that you do have is that you have the ability to over collateralize certain transactions and effectively push more assets into certain transactions. Have you started doing that in any of the transactions at this point?
Brett Roberts
We’ve done that on a limited basis.
Giuliano Bologna
That makes sense. Then I guess on a slightly different – kind of another different point. You have that table that Moshe was referring to around your collection rates. One of the things that I’m trying to get a little bit of perspective on there, it looks like your average loan balance, if I kind of run more of an average balance is up 11% to 12% in the first quarter of this year versus the first quarter of last year.
And then you have that kind of adjustment that is, I guess, levelizes it, but it doesn’t seem to kind of foot directly with the 12% number and I’m assuming that’s more so related to kind of strong originations in the May timeframe. But if we think about those numbers, with that in mind it looks like, 4.9% up is net, it may not maybe down if your loan size is up 12% or so in that ballpark.
And then kind of as a second point, if I then look at a lot of the unemployment collections and the stimulus checks, most of that came in in April and you had some very large catch-up payments for a lot of the deferred and delayed unemployment checks. Do you think that had more of an impact in terms of getting delinquent borrowers to temporarily reperform or was it more of a – was it – was the impact different in terms of your ability to get better credit performance?
Brett Roberts
Yes, I think it’s very difficult to say. I mean we had both of those occurring at the same time. You had customers that had missed their payments. You have the additional cash flow from the stimulus and potentially enhanced unemployment. And as a result of all those factors, we saw rebound in collections in the last half of April and in May.
Giuliano Bologna
That makes sense. Then the only other thing is just thinking about originations, is there any perspective on where – how you want to manage your originations going forward? And the main reason why I asked that is that if you continue up 20% versus last year, just the allowances alone could significantly impair your earning stream and kind of get you closer to that fixed charges covenant in my model, at least, obviously, not your numbers. But I’d be interested in kind of saying, how you’d think about those types of impacts and would you go out and try and do some sort of consent to change any of the governance.
Brett Roberts
Yes, we don’t want to have the accounting dictate how we run the business. We want to run the business looking at the economics of the business. So if running the business the right way would cause us to potentially encounter a covenant issue in our revolving credit facilities then we prefer to run the business the right way and have a conversation with our lenders explaining why that’s the prudent thing to do.
Giuliano Bologna
That makes sense. That’s very helpful. I appreciate that. And thank you for answering my questions.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Thomas Shen with GoldenTree. Your line is now open.
Thomas Shen
Hi. In terms of repossessions, I guess what are the kinds of things that you’re looking for before you’re going to feel comfortable going forward with that?
Douglas Busk
Well, certainly, I mean, one thing is in the several states that do have restrictions. You obviously want to make sure that those restrictions are lifted. I think the rest of that decision is a judgment call that we’ll make internally and we’ll look at the degree to which the economy is open and people are employed in specific areas and try to make a subjective decision that is both right for ourselves and right for the borrowers. There’s no scientific formula that would tell you precisely when you ought to start repossessing. And I don’t think one approach works for everywhere.
Thomas Shen
And would you go state-by-state?
Brett Roberts
I think it’s really – it’s a customer-by-customer decision. I mean in a lot of ways that’s not much – not really different than what we have done historically. You’re trying to work out an arrangement with the customer if you can that keeps them in the vehicle. That’s always the best case for the customer and for us. If there comes a point where the customer is just unable to pay for the vehicle at a certain point in time, you have to make the decision to repossess. The state-by-state certainly comes in if there’s specific orders in a given state, we obviously would follow those orders.
Thomas Shen
Got it. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from David Scharf with JMP Securities. Your line is now open.
David Scharf
Hi. Good afternoon and thanks for taking my questions. Most have been answered. I was wondering if there was any color you could provide on the May volumes. Obviously, there’s likely to be some pent up demand included in that increase. But Brett, I’m wondering, do you get feedback from your dealers about, for lack of a better term, something the equivalent of a take rate?
Obviously you’re on a different origination kind of platform, but you had mentioned it maybe a little too early to make any comments or conclusions about whether the competitive environment maybe easing up, but do you get a sense whether or not in the May volumes your dealers were finding kind of fewer alternative financing options and that competition maybe easing?
Brett Roberts
Yes. I mean, you have an anecdotal sense, but reluctant to comment on the competitive environment until you have data that you can look at. You have pent up demand, you have stimulus money, you have dealerships reopening, and potentially you have a change in the competitive environment. But it’s just too early to try to say, how much of each impacted the May volumes. I guess, even if you concluded the competitive environment had gotten easier in May, you still wouldn’t know how long that would last. So I’m not sure. It would do you a lot of good.
David Scharf
Got it. Yes, obviously we’re all kind of grasping for early indicators. And I guess it’s just a follow-up, similar topic. Is there any anecdotal information to share on, I guess, the overall health of the dealer network, particularly the independents, maybe roughly two-thirds of the base that are independents. Are you aware of any attrition thus far among independent dealers through the crisis? Or is it still early and most are hanging on?
Brett Roberts
Yes, I think it’s still too early to say there. I’m sure that like every business or like most businesses I should say, they’re under a lot of stress because of the environment that we’re in.
David Scharf
Got it. Okay. Thank you very much. That’s all I have.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Vincent Caintic with Stephens. Your line is now open.
Vincent Caintic
Hey, thanks for the follow-up. Two questions. First, for that six-month net income covenant. Could you let us know what are the exclusions or what are the takeouts from net income to come to that covenant?
Kenneth Booth
I mean, basically the biggest one would be non-recurring gains or losses. So you’ve got a $7 million pretax number this quarter. There’s a couple other things that are less significant, but at the end of the day, it’s not based on the current quarter’s results, those adjustments aren’t real material.
Vincent Caintic
Okay. That’s helpful. Second follow-up, so I understand that forecasts are difficult and the collections forecast is based at the end of March and CECL makes things even more volatile. But March volumes and payment collections were deteriorating. When I think about your disclosures you gave with May, it’s getting a lot better.
And so I’m wondering if we’re using the data that we’re seeing in May, could you actually see some of these numbers go in the positive direction? So meaning your forecasted collections being better than that 2.3% hit you’re forecasting currently and then from a CECL basis, maybe going the other direction with a release.
Kenneth Booth
I mean, conceivably, I think that – again it’s just too early to tell a lot of variables out there. So as Brett said, I think it’s really early. We’ll just have to see how it goes. Certainly results in the latter part of April and in May have been encouraging. But there are a lot of variables out there, so we’ll just have to see how that plays out.
Vincent Caintic
Okay. Understood. Thanks very much.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Harold Levy with MCA Realty. Your line is now open.
Harold Levy
Hi guys. Thanks so much for the time. I just have one question on the financials. Looking at the cash flow statement, net cash from operating activities is pretty much equivalent to same time last year. But looking at the balance sheet, it looks like cash and cash equivalents have been drawn down significantly from $187 million to $25 million approximately. So I’m just trying to tie out those two things and what’s caused the significant cash decrease in the quarter.
Kenneth Booth
I think the current quarter, if you look over a long period of time is more reflective of how we’ve tended to run the business over time. We try to operate with less unrestricted cash as opposed to more because of the negative carry, and we rely on our revolving credit facilities as our primary source of liquidity. So I think the amount we’re sitting on in cash and cash equivalents last year is unusually high just due to some financing activities that occurred in the latter part of last year.
Harold Levy
Got it. That makes sense. And then on the cash flow statement, if I’m reading this incorrectly, that’s fine. But the net cash isn’t really impacted, but the cash equivalents have gone down so much in the quarter. So am I just missing something there? Or how does that tie with one another?
Kenneth Booth
I guess, I don’t really follow the question.
Harold Levy
Okay. Yes. It looks like you guys utilized a lot of cash in the quarter what you just – for deployment, which is great. But the net cash slightly increased with the adjustment. Obviously, on an unadjusted basis it would be a large negative number, but with the adjustment to same time last year, it’s pretty much the same or slightly higher. So I’m just struggling to understand how so much cash has been used, utilized effectively, I’m sure, but the net cash has increased slightly.
Kenneth Booth
Well, there were a couple unusual – one unusual transaction that occurred during the quarter and that’s we repaid about $400 million in the long-term debt. We also bought back about $300 million of stock during the quarter.
Harold Levy
Okay. That’s all. Thank you so much.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Mark Hammond with Bank of America. Your line is now open.
Mark Hammond
Thanks, Brett, Ken and Doug. I noticed there was an increase in the share of the mix rather towards more purchase originations. I was just wondering what the cause of that was for the first quarter?
Kenneth Booth
No specific reason. It could just be that franchise dealers got a little larger share of the consumer traffic during the pandemic. Franchise dealers, especially the larger franchise groups tend to prefer the purchase program. So that maybe the reason, although, we don’t know that, perhaps, absolutely certain.
Mark Hammond
Yes. That makes some sense. That’s what happened. And then lastly, I know you mentioned stock repurchases. And since I am a high-yield analyst, I have to ask if you’ve ever considered repurchasing some high-yield bonds with both of them around 90 as of yesterday?
Kenneth Booth
Not really. Never say never, but I think our primary focus is investing in new loans and secondarily buying back stock and we think that’s the best use of shareholder’s capital.
Mark Hammond
Yes, I appreciate the answer. Thanks guys.
Operator
[Operator Instructions] Our next question comes from John Rowan with Janney. Your line is now open.
John Rowan
Hey guys. Thanks for the follow-up. Just connecting a couple of things you said Doug. Why contribute more collateral on – as you said, on a limited basis to some facilities, if you’re in close to triggering an early amortization event. As far as I know, that is the cure for a shortfall in that 90% collection threshold?
Douglas Busk
Well, you couldn’t violate the early amortization test. So if cumulative actual collections were less than 90% of cumulative forecast that would lead to an early amortization event. You couldn’t cure that by contributing additional collateral. You’d have to basically proactively contribute excess collateral to securitizations to avoid breaching that trigger in the first place.
John Rowan
So is that why you contributed excess collateral to, as you said, a limited number of facilities during the quarter?
Douglas Busk
Yes, we contributed to the more recently issued securitizations. The reason being is they’ve been outstanding for a shorter period of time and if have had less time to build up a cumulative cushion versus the forecast.
John Rowan
Okay. I mean, does that create a liquidity event for you guys? I mean, if we continue to have negative revisions to forecasted collections, will you continue to build in additional collateral and then with the potential breach of a covenant on the revolver, how does that end if you in fact need to lean back on your revolver for liquidity if you’re losing advance out of the ABS facilities?
Douglas Busk
I mean, we have over $1 billion unused and unencumbered collateral at the current time. So we’re in a very, very strong position in terms of excess collateral. All our securitizations are performing better than expected at this point. So at this point, the securitizations aren’t a near-term concern. Very happy with the performance there. As you suggested that minimum net income potentially maybe a concern, and if it is, we’ll have a conversation with the banks about it.
John Rowan
Okay. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. With no further questions in the queue, I would like to turn the conference over to Mr. Busk for any additional or closing remarks.
Douglas Busk
We would like to thank everyone for their support and for joining us on our conference call today. If you have any additional follow-up questions, please direct them to our Investor Relations mailbox at ir@creditacceptance.com. We look forward to talking to you again next quarter. Thank you.
Operator
Once again, this does conclude today’s conference call. We thank you for your participation.
